Education. Business degree Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Training. Business degree - Research Paper Example Besides, the essential objective of instruction is to empower one settle on astute choices through encouraging and boosting the thinking of a person. Also, in the current powerful world instruction has been utilized as an apparatus of gaining a living. On a comparative subject, instruction has empowered people to have some expertise in the different assorted fields accessible in the market for instance people who spend significant time in medication can treat individuals and thusly have had the option to gain income that serves to improve the expectations for everyday comforts. Then again, another fundamental objective that instruction is purposed to serve is to improve the lives of people. Clearly, training has had the option to encourage further exploration in different fields for example agribusiness which has thus, prompted increment in food creation while at the same time watching quality measures of the yields. On that note, in the field of business training has served to impro ve the nature of administration conveyance through the development of machines which improve the effectiveness of the work. Besides, through instruction we can recognize the different business systems and assess on the most fitting one to utilize in the different various organizations having various prerequisites. In addition, instruction has likewise given a methods in which business structures can be thoroughly concentrated in an offered to extend the different business exercises that exist in this powerful world that is described with quickly evolving condition. In any case, in this paper we center predominantly around the advanced education in the field of business. Notwithstanding that, we are going to feature a portion of the manners in which one can procure a business degree, its points of interest and its application to the current business attempts. Above all else, a business degree can procure in various manners relying upon the particular client needs. On a comparable sub ject, the decision of the way of study may fluctuate with various elements, for example the issue of geological area of the person as for the foundation of learning. On that note, people who live a long way from the instructive organization may think about considering on the web as method of obtaining a business degree. Notwithstanding that, people who utilize this type of contemplating utilize the utilization of PCs; web to gain the necessary instructive material for instance books and other important writing and study on the web. Despite what might be expected, another significant factor that impacts the way where one can gain a business degree is the control of a person. Clearly, people who have riotous timetables during the day may consider low maintenance tutoring as contradicted full time since it may not meddle with the every day exercises of a person. Notwithstanding that, this method of considering involves evening classes and may take a more drawn out period to obtain a bu siness degree when contrasted with the full time method of concentrating since in full time examining, an individual is exposed to longer contemplating hours when contrasted with the low maintenance mode who may at time concentrate during the ends of the week as it were. In actuality, the length of procuring a business degree may differ contingent upon various factors for example the method of investigation of a person. On a similar note, people who utilize the full time method of study may take at least three years to achieve a business degree. Notwithstanding that, people who utilize the low maintenance method of considering may require at least four to five years so as to accomplish this significant business degree. In any case, people utilizing this type of considering may in different cases take more time to gain this degree since some may choose to concede their examinations in an offer to

Thesis: Statistical Hypothesis Testing and Standard Hotels

ARELLANO UNIVERSITY Jose Abad Santos Campus Pasay City PRACTICES ON ACCOMMODATION AND HOUSEKEEPING IN SELECTED STANDARD HOTELS LOCATED WITHIN MANILA: AN ASSESSMENT A Thesis Proposal Presented to The FACULTY OF ARELLANO UNIVERSITY Jose Abad Santos Campus, Pasay City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Hotel, Restaurant, and Institution Management By: Monica Trisha Amistad Katherine Kay Ann Blancaflor Cathy Magsanay Kriszhane Manalac October 2011 ARELLANO UNIVERSITY Jose Abad Santos Campus Pasay City APPROVAL SHEET In fractional satisfaction for the necessities for the level of Bachelor of Science in Hotel, Restaurant, and Institution Management, this proposal entitled: â€Å"Practices on Accommodation and Housekeeping in Selected Standard Hotels Located Within Manila: An Assessment† has been arranged and put together by the accompanying analysts Monica Trisha Amistad Katherine Kay Ann Blancaflor Cathy Magsanay Kriszhane Manalac who are thusly suggested for acknowledgment and endorsement for conclusive oral assessment RAQUEL L. SALVADOR, DBA Counsel PANEL OF EXAMINERS Approved and acknowledged during an oral last guard hung on September 17, 2011 with the rating of % CHAIRPERSON Member ACKNOWLEDGMENT This investigation would not have been conceivable without the direction and the assistance of a few people who somehow contributed and broadened their significant help with the planning and fulfillment of this examination. As a matter of first importance, our most extreme appreciation to Dr. Raquel Salvador, our Adviser whose earnestness and support we will always remember. Dr. Salvador has been our motivation as we obstacle all the hindrances in the consummation of this exploration work. Last however not the least, our family and the one most importantly of us, the inescapable God, for noting our petitions and for invigorating us the to trudge on regardless of our needing to surrender and quit, thank you so much Dear Lord. M. T. D. A. K. K. A. T. B. C. S. M. K. P. M TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Endorsement SHEET†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iii TABLE OF CONTENTS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. iv LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. v CHAPTER I The Problem and its Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 1 Background of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 Theoretical Framework†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Conceptual Paradigm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Articulation of the Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Hypothesis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 Scope and Limitation of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10 Significance of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 11 Definition of Terms†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 CHAPTER II Survey of Related Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 17 Foreign Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 17 Local Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 27 Foreign Studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 32 Local Studies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Relevance of the Related Literature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 37 CHAPTER III Research Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 39 Research Procedure†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 39 Sampling Design†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 39 Instrumentation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 40 Method in Gathering Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 41 Statistical Treatment of Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 42 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 44 Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 47 Curriculum Vitae†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 ABSTRACT TITLE: â€Å"Practices on Accommodation and Housekeeping in Selected Standard Hotels Located Within Manila: An Assessment† STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The investigation will attempt the Assessment on the Practices in Accommodation and Housekeeping in chosen Standard Hotels situated inside Manila. In particular, the investigation will look to answer the accompanying subproblems: 1. What is the segment profile of the respondents? 2. 1 Age 2. 2 Gender 2. 3 Civil Status 2. 4 Educational Background 2. What elements can hamper the viability and productivity of the execution of Accommodation and Housekeeping rehearses? 3. 5 Time 3. 6 Motivation 3. 7 Interrelationship with individual representatives 3. 8 Availability of types of gear and materials 3. 9 Working condition 3. 10 Flexibility 3. What are the standard practices as respects to the Accommodation and Housekeepi

Kepler essays

Kepler papers I accept that Kepler contribute request in a period of turmoil and disorder. Before Keplers hypothesis was excepted, everyone accepted that God controlled everything and earth is the focal point of the universe. Individuals at the time were offbeat, they put stock in witches. They were strict too; they didnt need to acknowledge anything besides God. I think there was disarray since everyone was confounded. Nobody knew reality of universe and there were numerous strict wars at that point. Kepler had various perspectives on the world then others since he was a researcher and a space expert. I saw that in the play A Short History of Night Kepler referenced hardly any occasions that things occur as indicated by points, geometry. That shows how he was totally different from others. He didnt concur with the congregation. He was against what church said and he persuaded the others that religion wasnt everything and God doesnt get everything going. He went through the entirety of his time on earth to demonstrate that his hypothesis and toward the end he demonstrated that the planets rotate without anyone else on hub. Which for all intents and purposes refuted that congregation is and that removed a portion of the forces and conviction from the congregation. This play made me understood how it was in time of tumult. I saw from start of play to end of the play there were numerous strict wars and fights. And furthermore how strict individuals were at that point. There were witch trackers and witches were severely tormented and trackers charged even honest young ladies and ladies and consumed them. ... <!

Spensers Transformation of the Traditions of Classic Epic and Medieval Romance - Literature Essay Samples

Spensers The Faerie Queene was written mainly to fulfil an allegorical purpose and to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous and gentle discipline. However, the moralistic tone is softened by the fact that the whole complex allegory is masquerading as a medieval romance, with the added bonus of many features borrowed from the great classical epics. The very beginning of Spensers letter to Sir Walter Raleigh, quoted above, immediately links his poem directly to Miltons Paradise Lost whose intention is to justify the ways of God to men and indirectly with Virgils Aeneid, which was likely commissioned by the Emperor Augustus and has a similar didactic message. This text most closely resembles the Aeneid of all the classical epics, because both are designed to teach the reader and illustrate how to be a good person. Each knight in The Faerie Queene embodies a Christian virtue: Redcrosse represents holiness, and Guyon, temperance. The idea that the central character should sacrif ice his own personal happiness for the greater good is common to both Spensers poem and to Virgils work. Just as Aeneas has to leave Dido and continue his quest to find a site to found Rome, so Redcrosse must unto his Faerie Queen back return and Una left to mourn (I.XII) because his task is also incomplete. It is explicitly said that Medina is the perfect match for Guyon, but again he must take leave of that Virgin pure (II.III) in order to continue his mission to destroy the Bower of Bliss. Here Spenser borrows heavily from the Aeneid because his purpose is very similar to Virgils: both writers want to illustrate how a moral, faithful and selfless man acts as an example to others. However, it cannot be overlooked that Spensers whole poem is full of Christian overtones, so his intention in having his characters put aside personal happiness in order to fulfil a task is also to re-emphasise that these men are the personification of one of the great Christian virtues.It should be note d that in fact, many of the traits that characterise medieval romance are similar to, if not directly copied from, the great epics. The idea of a journey, found in all the classical epics except, perhaps, the Iliad, is paralleled by the idea of a knights quest in medieval romance. Odysseus has to travel home from Troy after the war is over, Aeneas has to leave the ashes of Troy to found Rome, Satan journeys from Pandaemonium to Eden, Sir Gawain has to seek out the Green Knight, Redcrosse has to find and fight the dragon that is holding Unas parents captive and then continue and find the Faerie Queen and Guyon has to find the Bower of Bliss. Odysseuss great wanderings across the seas are recreated by Guyon in The Faerie Queene as he travels towards the Bower of Bliss in canto XII. Guyon has to steer his boat between a dark and dreadful (II.XII) whirlpool and a perilous rock, (II.XII) both of which have claimed the lives of many brave men. These hazards clearly allude toOdysseuss stru ggle to get past Scylla and Charybdis in the Odyssey. However, while Odysseus escapes partly by using his wits but partly by being willing to sacrifice some of his men, Guyon survives on faith and strength. The many mermaids [who] haunt, making false melodies (II.XII) are Homers sirens by another name, and Acrasia, who turns men into beasts when she tires of them is clearly modelled on Circe and her penchant for pigs. The Palmer helps Guyon to keep his faith in the face of danger, counsell[ing] him to fear nothing, (II.XII) and consequently he can pass through unscathed. There is also a sense that each of Spensers knights is on an internal quest; they have to journey until they become the epitome of holiness or temperance. Both knights fail occasionally but by the end of their stories, after visits to the House of Pride, House of Holiness and Almas Castle, they achieve their emotional as well as physical goals. Other characteristics of epic can be found in medieval romances, for exa mple duels and battles are integral parts of both genres. Just as Gawain must take the stroke of the axe that the Green Knight gives him, so Redcrosse must fight the dragon, having defeated Sansloy, Sansjoy and Sanfoy and Guyon must fight Pyrcohles and Cymochles. It is particularly important that Guyon uses violence only when necessary because he is the knight of temperance, which naturally means that he must be moderate, and especially near the beginning of his story he needs the Palmer to keep him moderate and tempering his passion with advisement slow. This is not to say that Guyon is not brave and will not fight when necessary, but he must be guided by necessity and not by his own emotions. In this way his character could be said to be modelled on Aeneas; both men have to be governed by moderation, known as temperance for Guyon and moderatum for Aeneas. Although they are presented as fairly similar, the difference again lies with Spensers allegorical purpose, which shapes everyt hing he writes. Aeneas has to temper his own emotions by remembering his ultimate goal, his fatum, whereas Guyon, as the central character in a fundamentally Christian scenario, has the Palmer to guide him. Furor appears as a character trait in the Aeneid, something to be fought and conquered, while in The Faerie Queene Furor is personified, a physical specimen for Guyon to overcome. Again, the Palmer prevents Guyon from rashly slaying Furor, showing that by following the commandments and living a Christian life one can and should overcome all sinful emotions.The Palmer also counsels Phaon, the young man whom Furor is tormenting, because he gave in to Furor and killed his love. Phaons love story is a typical medieval romance concerned with young love that crosses social boundaries. The fact that he worships his lady and places her on a metaphorical pedestal is very typical of medieval romances. Phaons desire for revenge and his heaping crime on crime, and grief on grief, (II.IV) w hen he slays his love and his friend goes against the Biblical teaching to turn the other cheek and is therefore condemned by the Palmer and by Guyon. The none-to-subtle implications are that Phaon deserved to be captured by Furor because he succumbed to jealous rage, but that he also deserved to be rescued, after a period of penance, because he is repentant of his crimes.Harry Berger notes in his article Archimago: Between Text and Countertext that the spiritual dangers connected with loss of faith get dramatized predominantly as sexual dangers (p.22). This is true of Redcrosses fall in the house of pride caused by the false Duessa, something that halts his quest and weakens him physically and spiritually. He needs rescuing by Arthur, who represents the grace of God, and he needs Una, who represents truth and the one true church, to show him the way. Without Una his faith has no direction and he is powerless, she is not a sexual temptation because of her part in the allegory. The i dea that women are dangerous and likely to upset the heros quest is once again one that is found in epic, most notably in the Aeneid. All women in the Aeneid, except the rather dull Lavinia, are possessed by furor and go mad with alarming frequency when their attempts to prevent Aeneass progress fail. The same is true of Bertilaks lady in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: she tries to persuade him to go against the chivalric code and his own dedication to the Virgin Mary by seducing him, but, as with Spensers knights, his faith and virtue eventually carry him through.This is not to say that Spensers characters do not make mistakes; on the contrary both Redcrosse and Guyon get into trouble and need rescuing by Arthur. This allows Spenser to re-emphasise the importance of faith; more importantly, it fits into his purpose of creating a virtuous gentleman. If his characters did not make mistakes then there would be no lessons learned and nothing for his readers to learn from. The same i s true of Gawain; although the Green Knight forgives him, and indeed praises him, for his transgression in keeping the ladys girdle hidden, he himself is guilt-ridden. This says something important about the value of conscience, and would fit very well into Spensers schema should have chosen to re-tell that story. Here the traditions of epic have been twisted to suit Spenser, epic heroes are generally presented as infallible. Any mistakes that they make happen mainly through the fault of others or when they are in a weakened state. Spenser thus cannot present a fully formed virtuous knight because of his intention to instruct.Spensers debt to classical epics shows clearly throughout his poem, but is perhaps best illustrated in linguistic terms by the opening of the poem. He begins his poem by invoking his Muse, in the same way as Miltons heavnly muse, despite both poetss obvious adherence to Christian, rather than classical, mythology. This is an epic device used by Virgil (tell me, O Muse) and Homer (sing, goddess and Sing in me, Muse) as well, and it immediately links Spenser with these classical greats, hopefully putting his work on the same level of importance. It implies that Spensers story is not just his own invention but also one told through him by a divine power. Although he invokes the Muse it is clear that, as with Milton, Spenser suggests that this is Gods story to tell. The influence of the classical epics can be seen in other works that are ostensibly medieval romances: e.g., Sir Gawain and the Green Knight begins by referring back to the siege of Troy.Linguistic similarities too are visible between The Faerie Queene and the classical epics. Spenser employs both simple similes such as shone like silver upon the trembling wave, as well much more complex ones; for example Braggadocio hiding in a bush is described thus: as a fearful fowl, that long in secret cave for dread of soaring hawks herself hath hid, not caring how, her silly life to save, she her gay painted plumes disordered; seeing herself at last from danger rid, peeps forth, and soon renews her native pride; she gins her feathers foul disfigured proudly to prune. (II.IV)Characters newly introduced to the reader are often given their fathers name as well their own, for example Phaon sprung from famous Coradin. These patronymns are used constantly in classical epic, and are used here to lend Spensers poem some gravitas. Canto X of book II is a long chronicle of Briton Kings, showing Spensers use of cataloguing, another epic device.The other linguistic characteristic of epic that has yet to be examined in Spensers poem is the implementation of prolepses, analypses and stories within with stories. Spenser uses a prolepsis in canto V, when Redcrosse is told that in the future he Saint George will called be a sign of victory (I.X).This is very close to Virgils use of the same tool. Aeneas is told that he will found Rome which will then grow into the Roman empire. The s ame device is used by Milton; as Adam worries about his fall and having to leave Eden the archangel Michael tells him his future and about the lives of his descendents right up until the time of Jesus. This is used by Spenser perhaps to reiterate what a good Christian Redcrosse is, but also to give truth to the myth of Saint George and the dragon. Arthur tells the story of how he was brought up an orphan and taught by Merlin, showing both use of analypsis and of a separate story within the poem. Phaons mini-romance in canto IV is another example both of a character recounting past occurrences and of a new story that ties into the whole story of Redcrosse and Una.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is not a traditional medieval romance, because while it has a Christian message, it also has more traditional features, some of which are paralleled by Spenser. The fact that both poems are basically Arthurian legends puts them firmly in the sphere of romances, however, they both use Arthur an d other knights to explore Christian behaviour. Gawain is a knight of the Virgin Mary, the only knight fit to carry to the pentangle as his symbol, famous (in England) for his chastity. Similarly, Redcrosse has the red cross device on his shield, and Guyon has a picture of Gloriana on the back his shield much the same as Gawains portrait of the Virgin Mary. Arthurs shield is different because it has both a literal and a metaphorical purpose: as a normal knight his shield is his defence and its shininess can literally dazzle his enemies, Arthur, as an allegorical Christ-like figure and representation of Gods grace, dazzles his enemies with Gods truth. In a similar way, Redcrosses armour has a mundane purpose in that it protects his body from harm, but it too has an added allegorical purpose. Redcrosses armour is full of old dints of deep wounds, it is battered and covered with dents, representing the soul and the marks of sin that are left. This is what is missing from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, although Gawains armaments are symbolic of his virtues there is less sense that his paraphernalia has a deeper religious meaning.The importance of the number three is a common theme in medieval romance, and is apparent in both Spensers work and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The lady tries to seduce Gawain three times, and then offers him three gifts. It is on the third test that he fails by accepting her girdle because he believes it will save his life. However, within the traditions of medieval romance, separate from Christian morality briefly, he actually does very little wrong because he is living by his own chivalric code. By refusing the ladys gift he would offend her, and by revealing it to his host in accordance with their agreement he would betray her trust, which he cannot do. In the same way, Guyon treats ladies with the courtesy that befits a knight. Despite Phaedrias dalliance he despised and follies did forsake, he does not disobey her explicit com mands or rudely reject the ladys attempts to please because to do would be unchivalrous. Guyons temptation by Mammon also uses the number three. Mammon offers his riches three times; twice Guyon would receive nothing offered, but the third time he is overcome and descends into Mammons cave. This temptation is unambiguously modelled on the Biblical story of Jesuss temptation by the Devil. Both men are wandering in the wilderness alone; both are offered great things three times. The difference of course is that Jesus refused to be tempted while Guyon, a fallible human, fails. Spenser uses this episode to show the reader all the sins associated with money; Guyon meets Hate, Treason, Spite, Jealousy, Shame, Fear, Horror, Force, Fraud and Horror, driving Spensers message home forcefully.In conclusion, Spenser takes whatever he wants from the traditions of classical epic and medieval romance in order to make his allegorical point and to fulfil his purpose in offering the reader a lesson i n how to be a good Christian gentleman. He mixes Christian teachings with classical mythology and symbolism and traits from medieval romance. He does not transform the characteristics of epic and romance greatly because they need to be obviously noticeable as from those genres in order to put his poem on the same level. He does however alter them to fit in with his over-arching and moralistic intention where necessary. This is perhaps why he identifies more with Aeneas and his moderation rather than the bloodlust of Odysseus and Achilles. Angela Carter once remarked that Spenser should be read on a as many levels as you can comfortably cope with at once (93), and because this poem has so many layers of meaning and purpose the allusions and borrowed parts from classical epic and medieval romance help to ground the reader in the importance of Spensers morals and attempts to teach the reader how to live a good life.(The edition of The Faerie Queene that I was working from was published in 1897 and grouped some stanzas together into longer paragraphs, making it impossible to give an accurate stanza reference).Bibliography:Anderson, J (ed): Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Everyman, London, 2004.Berger, Harry: Archimago: Between Text and Countertext, SEL Studies in English Literature 1500-1900, Volume 43, pp. 19-64 http://muse.jhu.edu/ search /pia.cgi Carter, Angela: quoted in Gamble, Sarah: The Fiction of Angela Carter: A readers guide to essential criticism.Herron, Thomas: The Spanish Armada, Ireland, and Spensers Faerie Queene, The University of St Thomas Press, 2002.Homer: The Odyssey, Penguin Classics, London, 2003.The Iliad, Penguin Classics, London, 2003.Milton, John: Paradise Lost, Penguin Classics, London, 1989.Spenser, Edmund: The Faerie Queene and other poems of Spenser, Nimmos Standard Library, Edinburgh, 1897.Virgil: The Aeneid, trans. John Dryden, Wordsworth Classics of World Literature, 1997.

The Eye 2002 And 2006 Movie Comparison - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3961 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction To make sure the research can be done in correct way with relevant content. Researcher can use relevant article, journal even theory to provide an idea or evidence of the research topic so that credibility and accuracy of the works can be increased. Thus, literature review is one of the important parts in completing research. 2.2 Horror Films Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Eye 2002 And 2006 Movie Comparison" essay for you Create order According to the journal of Tim Dirks (1996), horror films are unsettling films designed to frighten, panic and dread to invoke people hidden worst fears while captivating and entertaining people at the same time in a cathartic experience. Horror films effectively centre on the dark side of life, the forbidden, strange and alarming events. Thus, it deals with people most primal nature and fears, nightmares, vulnerability, alienation, revulsions, fear of death and dismemberment, loss of identity and fear of sexuality. From the earliest days, people used their vivid imaginations to see ghost in shadowy shapes, emotionally connected to the unknown and fear things that are improbable. People can get into an outlet for the feeling of fear itself without actually being in danger by watching horror films. Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a very real thrill and fun factor in being scared when watching horrific images. A good horror film does not need complex technology special effects to produce in some situations. This is because when horror films done with less reliance on horrify special effects, it can be extremely effective film forms which tapping into people dream states the horror within man himself or unknown. The earliest horror films were in Gothic style, which means they were usually set in fog-shrouded, spooky old mansions, or castles, dark and shadowy locales. For the main characters have included supernatural or grotesque creatures, monsters, vampires, devils, ghosts, zombies, demons even an unknown human. Horror films can be developed from several sources such as folktales with witchcrafts, devil characters, myths, fables, ghost stories and novels. In horror films, the irrational forces of horror invariably need to be defeated. These films normally will end with a return to normalcy and victory over the antagonism. 2.2.1 Plot Dorian Scott Cole claims that plot is refer to the main plan of the story, the structure of an event to telling what is happening from the beginning to the end of the event. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s also the engine that drives the story forward on the course. It plays an important role in an event like films and literatures. To make a plot of the story, writers need to consider what the character needs and his situation in the story. When the characters are put in a situation, they are going to start working to get what they want. Writers need to get clear with everything in the story so that they can construct the plot clearly without any confusion. There are many types of plot that writers can use to construct their story. One of the famous types of plot that frequently used by writers is Freytagà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s pyramid. Classically Freytagà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s pyramid can be divided into 5 parts which are exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution and denouement. In the exposition, the background information that is needed to understand the story properly is provided. Such information includes protagonist, antagonist, basic conflicts, settings, and so forth. The exposition ends with the inciting moment, which is the single incident in the storys action without which there would be no story. The inciting moment sets the remainder of the story in motion, beginning with the second act, the rising action. During the rising action, the basic conflict is complicated by the introduction of related secondary conflicts, including various obstacles that frustrate the protagonists attempt to reach his or her goal. Secondary conflicts can include adversaries of lesser importance than the storys antagonist, who may work with the antagonist or separately, by and for themselves. The third act is that of the climax, which marks a change, for the better or the worse. If the story is a comedy, things will have gone badly for the protagonist up to this point and things will begin to go well for protagonist. If the story is a tragedy, the opposite state of affairs will ensue, with things going from good to bad for the protagonist. During the falling action, the conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist unravels, with the protagonist winning or losing against the antagonist. The falling action may contain a moment of final suspense, during which the final outcome of the conflict is in doubt. The resolution is the character solves the main problem or conflict or someone solves it for him or her. Everything of the story will be settled in this stage. The comedy ends with a denouement in which the protagonist is better off than he or she was at the storys outset. The tragedy ends with a catastrophe in which the protagonist is worse off than he or she was at the beginning of the narrative. Writers are very depending on their creativity in composing the flow of plot in order to make the event attractive and interesting. If the plot is not composed in suitable and attractive way, the final event will not in good condition no matter how good the idea is. Thus, there is a big challenge to a writer in composing an interesting plot for a film or literature. 2.2.1.1 Developing a Plot for Horror Films There is a challenge for a writer in developing a plot for horror film. According to Theresa Hopperà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s journal in 2002, writers need to keep their mind to be original when work out a plot for horror film. Writers can make their writing original by adding own personal take on a familiar plot. There are so many horror plot devices that people familiar with such as happy family moving into haunted houses, naÃÆ' ¯ve people abusing Ouija boards, charismatic vampires, vengeful witches, demon lovers and so on. These have all been used since the beginning of the genre, but it is not meaning that writer cannot still employ them successfully. They just have to think of a unique way by looking at the subject so that they can give a new life in the old device. Christina Hamlett claims there are several steps in developing a plot for horror film in proper way. First of all, writers need to familiarize themselves with as many horror films as they can and study the techniques that filmmakers like to use to scare their audiences. For example, use fairly ordinary items like dolls, cars, dogs, houses and other daily things and imbue them with extraordinary and malevolent powers. Besides that, they also escalate the suspense and terror by systematically isolating the potential victims, utilizing gruesome visuals and scary sound effects, and playing on the apprehensions that many of people had as children. After that, writers can make a list of the top 10 thing that people are most afraid to according the level of threatening. Then pick the one that absolutely terrifies writer the most and form the basis of the plot. There is a must writer to pick out the scariest object for them in order to develop the story with true feeling. If not they will no t able to develop the story that really touch audience because writers even not able to persuade themselves the story or the object is scary. Once the object has been chosen as the main things in horror film then writers need to outline the scary story before start to write it. Outline is very important part in developing a plot because it helps writers to clarify every single elements or conflicts in the story before they write out the detail things. To outline the scary story, writers need to give the villain in the story a plausible motive for what it does. For example, the villain is seeking revenge against the descendants of the person who killed him, the villain is seeking to avenge the honor of a deceased sweetheart, responding to an ancient curse that forces the main character to do evil things or reacting to the effects of a bad lab experiment. There are so many possible way to let writers develop, it is just depending on the creativity of the writers. To avoid the protagonist in the scary story just simply be reacting to everything that the monster do, writers need to give them some solid motivations. For instanc e, hero needs to accomplish to be thwarted in some way by the presence of the evil forces. He cant simply walk away from this scary conflict because if he does, something even worse could happen as a result. After all the charactersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ basic information and the conflicts between protagonist and antagonist have been developing. It is the time writers indentify the story into 5 parts of the plot which are exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution and denouement. Writers need to get clear with what is happening within the 5 parts of plot. During the moment, writers need to decide how many characters that needed in the storyline and what kinds of locations will be required. Last but not least, the dialogue should always sound natural, horror films tend to have less dialogue in them than other genres because their strength is derived from the scary visuals and action sequences. 2.3 Music in Horror Films Simon Boswell is a music composer who famous for his involvement in several classic horror films. Those involvements are including many by Italian horror master, Dario Argento. According to Boswellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s statement Music in horror films is probably more powerful than in any other genre, so its good for a composer to do them because he can be very influential on the action. John Hubinette claims that music in horror films is more powerful than in most other films due to the dramatic nature and shifting pace of horror films. The main purpose of horror film is to scare people. To do these by all means possible, filmmakers will not only depend on visual. Even though music is a very important aspect of horror films, it must never distract the audience. The music should fit the action as well that is not perceived as a separate aspect of the film, it should be integrated with the visual and work to seamlessly intensify the events in the film. This is perhaps the reason why music in films is so often overlooked. It the music is well composed and well implemented, it will becomes a part of the overall experience. In the earliest years, orchestral music is the most characteristic type of horror film music. It has been used since the birth of the genre even today orchestral music is the most popular type of music used in horror films, thrillers and adventure films. Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a reason why orchestra music is so popular and rapid used in horror film until today. Orchestral music has open-endedness and great dynamic range that allows the composer to greatly vary his compositions to follow the event in a film. Another reason could be that orchestra music is very neutral and appeals to a wide audience, but perhaps the main reason is that powerful orchestral music simply works very well when there is a need to convey emotions and set a certain mood. Today, orchestral music is not the only genre used in horror films. Many films differ in this area by using other kinds of music such as synthetic based music and industrial music. For example à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Blair Witch 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? which uses alternative rock and meal music. This selection of music works pretty well, as it is quite dark, brooding and suits the visual style of the film. In several times, classic orchestral horror music has been replaced with music that would normally never even be considered for a horror film. Perhaps the most extreme case is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“American Psychoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, which mainly uses American 80s rock and pop music. In this film, it becomes obvious that horror films require the right kind of music to function properly. A very odd feeling is produced when Patrick Bateman (the male protagonist) slaughters one of his victims to the tune of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Hip to be Squareà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? by Huey Lewis and the News. It produces a complete audio-visual dissonance, but when this music decreases the fear factor of this particular scene, it does create a very odd experience, which is probably what the film makers aimed to create. 2.4 Sound Effects in Horror Films Besides music, sound effects are also one of the important elements in horror film. It has the ability to give a big shock to audience and enhance the scary atmosphere in the scene dramatically. Besides that, sound effects helps to make the action in horror film become lively and increase the reality feeling. According to the statement by John Hubinette, he claims that both the music and sound effects are directly linked to the visuals of the film. Music works by accompanying the events in the film to create or adjust a certain mood or atmosphere. Sound effects are usually tied even more closely to the events in the film, most of the cases are applied to intensify or mark direct action such as movements and impact. These sounds are usually exaggerated especially in action film and horror film. Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a classic example of an exaggerated sound effect which is punches, which often sound like whip lashes when normally filmmakers would produce a barely audible. Although this kind of sound effect might negatively affect the realism of certain events in a film, it does serve to increase the power and intensity of movements, impacts and other actions which is very important especially in horror films that aiming to create a confrontational audio-visual experience. There is also a type of sound effect known as ambient sounds that widely use in horror films nowadays. In horror film, ambient sounds usually insert in looped sequences and used to create a background noise for a scene. Thus, it will looks natural even enhance the particular moods in the scene. There are some examples of ambient sounds that people can found in horror film such as crickets, humming, the wind blowing, thunder and rain. It is also interesting to note that in particular horror films tends to highlight sounds that people would normally not pay attention to, such as a beating heart or someone breathing. This usually happens when there is a single victim being chased or stalked by a monster or ghost. The purpose is to draw audience into the scene and to make it part of the action or put it in the situation of the victim. This tactic works very well in horror film in most of the time. Other than that, silence can also function as a sound effect in some scenes. It can be used when there is a need to create high tension and also be used together with loud musical hits in a turn-taking sequence. Silence has the function that emphasizes the certain atmosphere or situation in the scene instantaneously. Compare with music and sound effects, silence will be the best weapon for filmmaker to draw audiencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attention in particular scene. Audiencesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ needs nowadays are become more complicated, they will not satisfy with the effort on visual effect in horror film. Music and sound effects are also the element they concern with. 2.5 Theories and Concept Applied Theories are very important in conducting a research; it helps research to explain certain phenomenon or situation with evidence. Thus, the result of research will be more persuasive once research applied theory in his work. Auteur Model and Feminist Model will be included to analyze the content analysis in this research. 2.5.1 Auteur Model In the 1950s and 60s, the film critic Andrew Sarris became the leading American proponent of what is now called Auteur Theory. Auteur is come from French word which means author. Talk of artistic and the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“auteurà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? placed the director centrally as the author of the film. An auteurist critic looks for consistency of theme and design throughout a directorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s film. If the film maker was to be seen as auteur they would have to exhibit through a series of films clear auteur characteristic. To fulfill the requirement of Auteur model, there are four characteristics author refer to. Firstly, the visual style of the film; which means the Mise en scene and designation of cinematography in the film. Secondly, the narrative structure and feature of the film; which referring to the story genre and the message that bringing by the film. Third, the particular character traits and situation; which referring to the acting style and the performance of actors. The last characteristic is referring to the theme that set in the film. If the filmmaker has reached those entire mentioned characteristic, these characteristics will be clearly seen in all of his work in whatever genre. Gillkingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s statement claims Alfred Hitchcock as a director frequently studied from an auteur perspective. When Auteur Model was being developed, Alfred Hitchcock was frequently acknowledged as the consummate exemplar. Even his name evokes immediate expectations in terms of themes and techniques. As the master of mystery and suspense, Hitchcockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s films play with the audienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s nerves, sexuality or tabooed areas assume central or implicit places. For example the latent homosexuality of Strangers on a Train (1951), the Parody of an Oedipus complex in Psycho and the traumatic remembrance of repressed Memories of Marnie (1964). Hitchcock was influenced by the German Expressionists and he admired their ability to express the ideas in purely visual terms. It is the visual expression of thought and psychology that Hitchcock achieves throughout his films. Hitchcocks films are marked by his mastery of cinematic technique which is exemplified in his use of camera viewpoints, elaborate editing and soundtrack to build suspense. There are several example can be found in his films. For the first, Notorious (1946) includes an incredible zoom-in from a high shot to an extreme close-up of a significant plot detail and suspense building inter-cutting of the final scene. Secondly, In a scene in Blackmail (1929), Hitchcock uses a complex pattern of sound and dialogue based around the word knife to reflect feelings of guilt. Besides that, there is a cut from a womans scream to the similar sound of a train whistle in the The Thirty-Nine Steps (1935). In Suspicion (1941), his personal stamp is typified by the use of a light bulb to produce the effect of an ominous, glowing glass of milk. This attribution of symbolic power to inanimate objects is another hallmark of Hitchcock which a bread knife in Blackmail (1929) and a key in Notorious (1946). He a lso places great focus on the creation of set pieces where he is able to exercise his talent for detail and suspense. According to the statement of Gillking, he also claims that Hitchcocks vision of the world is reflected in the themes that predominate in his films. The specific psychology that is presented in the films such as the fascination with wrongful accusation and imprisonment is a significant part of the Hitchcock signature. One of the basic themes is that the mistaken identity, the wrong man accused who must find the real perpetrator in order to prove his innocence for example The Lodger (1926), The Thirty-Nine Steps (1935), North By Northwest (1959) and so on. Other than that, Hitchcock also found visual expression for his themes in recurrent motifs that express his vision of the world like staircases in Strangers On A Train (1951), Vertigo (1958), Psycho (1960), sinister houses in Psycho (1960), chasms in Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959) and National Landmarks that the most obviously in North by Northwest which includes the United Nations Building and Mount Rushmore. Besides Alfred Hitchcock, there are so many directors that under Auteur Theory, such as John Ford from United States, Pang Brothers from Hong Kong, Jack Neo from Singapore. They have their own strong characteristic in directing a film and it is hard to imitate or replace by others. People are familiar with their style even can recognize their film easily with the characteristic of film that mentioned above. 2.5.2 Feminist Model Feminist model is widely used to discover and describe a distinctively female perspective on film, as well as those ways in which the cinema might not be found uniquely pleasurable by female viewers. There are two elements which are psychoanalytic and ideological analysis has blended by Feminist model criticism. The psychoanalytic component is found in attempts to understand the ways cinema arouses the pleasure and desires of its audiences and how this might differ on a gender basis. In the other side, ideological is found in the efforts of feminist criticism to relate the portrayal of women in films to particular social attitudes, assumptions and practices that may be found in the more general society of which those films are a part. According to the statement of Stephen Prince, he claims that Feminist film criticism tends to assume two forms. The first is an analysis and description of how a male-dominated film industry has selectively shaped images of women in films that have been created largely by men. Male director has portrayed womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s image in their desired way through the visual spectacle and the use of the close up function in film to present women as erotic object for the contemplation of an ideal male audience. For example, Marilyn Monroe or Marlene Dietrich is the most popular star who is the erotic image for a male audience. She gave the extraordinary visual attention through her body in the film which directed by male director. The second form is closely related to the first, it is the discovery of alternative feminist forms or filmmaking and images of characters. There is a wide range of filmmakers and models of filmmaking to choose by the feminist critic. The critic could examine the work of a director such as Jane Campion, who makes films that are not slotted into particular genres or targeted to be large crowd pleaser employing traditional formulas. Two of her films are The Piano (1993) and Orlando (1993). The Piano (1993) , stars Holly Hunter as a mute, Victorian, unwed mother who travels to New Zealand to fulfill an arranged marriage to an English farmer who living there. The film explores her torturous reception as both a woman and an artist. She have to live in a culture which is alien to her and that places her into the most insensitive and brutal husband. Orlando (1993), this film examines the consequences of gender roles and how they affect the way people live their lives. Sally Potterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s film is adapted from a Virgina woolf story about a young man during the Elizabethan era who lives for over four centuries without aging but who mysteriously changes into a woman. Orlando has experiences the world from the perspective of each gender through living as both a man and a woman. Orlando comes to appreciate the uniqueness of each genderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s role and how socially conditioned these roles are. The Piano (1993) and Orlando (1993) are philosophically and aesthetically distinct from male-directed productions. In the unique term of their narrative and image all the perspective brought to gender. Its social definition and impact on sexuality, speech and art, each film offers the pleasures of distinctive female voice in cinema. 2.6 Summary This chapter explains horror films, plot, music, sound effects and 2 theories which are Auteurist Model and Feminist Model with several facts and example. Researcher can learn and understand more about the background of the titles throughout this chapter. By studying all the titles above, it will give researcher a clearer image about what is going to focus in the following chapters. Thus, it also minimizes the chances researcher out of topic when doing this research.

Efftect of Contraceptions - 2386 Words

Ten Disadvantages of Contraception* 1.Separates sex from LIFE 2.Fuels the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs/ STIs)a 3.Cheapens women (and men) 4.Some methods can cause early abortion 5.Promotes promiscuity 6.Is costly and unhealthy 7.Damages romance 8.Unleases the sex drive 9.Undermines love, marriage, family and society 10 Damages the human heart and the Whole Person: emotionally, socially, intellectually, physically, and morally/spiritually (that is, your inner-most being) * Contraception is anything done before, during, or after intercourse to try to prevent (stop) fertilization (which would make a baby). [from Womanity, 1994] Device Failure One disadvantage of contraception is that the devices†¦show more content†¦Other risk factors include obesity, older age, having several family members whove had blood clots before old age, air travel, and having to lie or sit for a prolonged period, as you might after major surgery. * Headaches. Headaches may start in women who have not previously had headaches, or can get worse in those who do. * Depression. Depression (sometimes severe) and other mood changes may occur. * Nausea and vomiting. This side effect usually goes away after the first few months of use or can be prevented by taking the pill with a meal. * Breast tenderness. Your breasts may become tender or may get larger. Breast tenderness is relatively common during the first month of BCPs and uncommon thereafter. * Breakthrough bleeding or spotting. Spotting or bleeding between menstrual periods is very common in the first cycle of pills or if pills are missed or taken late. * Decreased enjoyment of sex. Some women experience a decreased interest in sex or a decreased ability to have orgasms. * Weight gain. Some women report slight weight gain. Weight gain is often caused by fluid retention or estrogen-induced fat deposits in the thighs, hips, and breasts. Weight gain may also be related to a reduction in physical activity or increased intake of food. In some women the androgenic effects from the progestins in their OCs can increase their appetite. * Chloasma (spotty darkening of the skin on the face). Darkening of the skin on the

Case Study Ringgold Pool and Patio Essay Example For Students

Case Study Ringgold Pool and Patio Essay Table of Contents Topic Page Introduction3 John Jr. ’s Plan3 Tools4 Cost and Profits4 Conclusion5 Exhibit 1: Project Scope Statement7 Figure 2: Approach to Project8 Figure 3: Revised Work Breakdown Structure9 Figure 4: Required Tools Breakdown10 Figure 5: Return of Investment (ROI) Calculations10 Figure 6: Net Present Value (NPV) for Next 5 Years10 Figure 7: Project Life Cycle (Effort vs. Time)11 Figure 8: Gantt Chart for Pool Installation11 Introduction Ringold’s Pool and Patio Supply is a small business specializing in above and below ground pools for home use. It is owned and operated by John Ringold, Sr. He recently hired his son, John Jr. , as the executive vice-president of operations and has tasked him with investigation the profitability of installing above ground pools. Twenty percent of the company’s sales are above ground pools and Ringold’s does not currently install these pools. John Jr. must research the costs that would be incurred by the company to install these pools and investigate at what price the company would have to charge for installation to make it worth the company’s time. Exhibit 1 is the Project Scope Statement for this project. It details what the deliverables are to John Sr. upon completion of this project. In the exhibits and figures are a life cycle diagram for this project and a Gantt Chart for the installation of the pool. The life cycle of this project is the most common type in terms of effort. At the beginning, effort is low as data is being defined by the scope of the project. As the project progresses there is an increase in effort as research being done and data is actively collected. The final stage when effort tapers off is when the information is being organized into a coherent presentation. John Jr. ’s Plan John, Jr. has already conducted a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for the installation of a pool. Based off of this data, a pool would have to be constructed over a period of two days. The first day will include the preparation, laying the pool frame out, adding the plastic liner, and assembling the pool. The second day will be for building the wooden support and filling and testing the pool. This avoids exceeding the eight hour work day and adding of extra costs in overtime. However, these times are nominal and do not reflect the actual time that it would take to install the pool. John Jr. did not take into account basic human behavior. To correct his WBS and make it reflect the more likely timeline, I have added 12% to the times that John Jr. has estimated. This brings the total time to 13. 8 hours. This revised schedule is demonstrated in the WBS shown in Figure 3. In this WBS, the total times for each major step have been adjusted for the 12% increase. This was not done in the sub-steps because the times were much smaller, making the 12% increase a matter of minutes and seconds. When reconstructing this WBS, the amount of time needed to gather items for installation was not considered significant so it was left out of the timeline. Also, the post-installation cleanup and trash removal was not factored in. If this time is significant, it could add to the cost of labor. However, our analysis did not include it. Tools In John Jr. ’s plan, he did not take into account the costs that would be incurred to stand up a department or section of the company that will install the pools. The company will have to purchase tools and equipment for employees to use. .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 , .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 .postImageUrl , .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 , .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42:hover , .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42:visited , .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42:active { border:0!important; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42:active , .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42 .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u566fe000a1fe4ea5eba077ce27ed9b42:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: More money is spent executing humans than keeping EssayThe basic tools required for the installation of a pool will be purchased once the decision is made to go into the installation business. To provide for flexibility and the ability to install multiple pools on the same day, four sets of tools and supplies will be maintained at Ringold’s. It is expected that two sets will be replaced every year, making the lifespan of one set of tools two years. This tool breakdown is listed in Figure 4. The initial payout will be $1,000 to purchase all of the supplies. After that, the company can expect to pay out approximately $500 each year to replace equipment. Given 3% for inflation and averaging it out over a five year period, this puts the Net Present Worth of cost of all of the equipment at $3,719. At an average of one pool installation per week, this amounts to $45. 20 for equipment per pool for that five year period. Costs and Profits Together with the revised cost of labor, the total cost of installing an above ground pool comes to $252. 34. In order to make this investment profitable, a Return of Investment (ROI) of 50% would be acceptable. In order to do this, the company would have to charge $378. 1(Figure 5). Companies that specialize in assembling pools generally charge around $350 for installation. If Ringold’s were to charge the standard $350, this would yield a ROI of 38. 7% (Figure 5). At the profit of $97. 66 per pool, over a period of 5 years at a rate of one pool per week this yields a NPW of $8,874. 75 (Figure 6). Conclusion To maintain prices at a competitive level, installing the pools would yield a small profit . As the price of the installation goes up, customers are going to be convinced to go elsewhere for business. Since it can be estimated that most people hire installers at the same place they buy the pools, this may affect sales of above ground pools at Ringold’s. My recommendation to John Sr. is based on a couple of variables. If the pools are competitively priced so that the he can charge the $378 for installation and still keep the overall cost low for the consumer, it may be profitable to do so. However, based on the analysis of the installation alone, it is not advisable to Ringold’s to invest in installation of above ground pools. Project Scope This project will determine the profitability of installing above ground pools by Ringold’s Pool and Patio Supply. We will research the costs that will be incurred by the company that will not be paid by the customer. Once the costs have been accurately determined, we will generate a couple of different scenarios where the Return of Investment will be 50% or greater, which we have determined to be an acceptable ROI. By the completion of this project we will deliver a recommendation to John Ringold, Sr. on what we confidently feel is the best course of action. The two options are to begin installing the pools or to continue to allow outside agencies to do this. Exhibit 1: Project Scope Figure 2: Approach to Project Work Tasks| Labor Hours| Estimated Total| 1. Prepare ground surface| | 3 hours| -Clear| 1 hour| | -Rake| 20 min| | -Level| 1 hour| | -Sand Botom| 20 min| | 2. Lay out pool frame| | 2. 8 hours| -Bottom ring| 1 hour| | -Side panels| 30 min| | -Top ring| 1 hour| | 3. Add plastic liner| | ~34 minutes| 4. Assemble pool| | 1. 86 hours| 5. Build wooden support| | 3. 36 hours| -Layout| 1 hour| | Assemble| 2 hours| | 6. Fill and Test| | 2. 24 hours| TOTAL| | 13. 8 hours| Figure 3. Revised Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) TOOLS| COST PER| TOTAL COST (4 sets)| Wheelbarrow| $110| $440| Rake| $26| $104| Shovel| $15| $60| Hammer| $30| $120| Screwdriver set| $20| $80| 3 Rolls of duct tape| $24| $96| Tape measure| $25| $100| TOTALS| $250| $1,000| Figure 4: Required Tools Breakdown ROI 50%=(Income – $252. 34)/$252. 34 Income= $378. 51 ROI=( $350 – $252. 34)/$252. 34 ROI=38. 8% Figure 5: Return of Investment (ROI) Calculations For $378. 1 NPV=126. 17(P/A, 3%, 260)=$11,465. 57 For $350 NPV=97. 66(P/A, 3%, 260)=$8,874. 75 Figure 6: Net Present Value (NPV) for Next 5 Years Figure 7: Project Life Cycle (Effort vs. Time) Task NameDur Start FinishPredecessor Prepare Ground Surface3hMon 6/7/10Mon 6/7/10 Lay Out Pool Frame2. 8hMon 6/7/10Mon 6/7/101 Add Plastic Liner0. 5hMon 6/7/10Mon 6/7/102 Assemble Pool1. 7hMon 6/7/10Mon 6/7/103 Build Wooden Support3. 36hTue 6/8/10Tue 6/8/104 Fill and Test2. 24hTue 6/8/10Tue 6/8/105 Figure 8: Gantt Chart for Pool Installation